Brick masonry work - Definition and benefits

What is Brick masonry ?

 Brick masonry is a highly durable form of construction. It is built by placing bricks in mortar in a systematic manner to construct solid mass that withstand exerted loads. There are several types of bricks and number of mortars which can be used to construct brick masonry.

The bond in brick masonry, which adheres bricks together, is produced by filling joints between bricks with suitable mortar. Special cautions shall be practiced while mortar is mixed and placed since it greatly affect the performance and durability of masonry structure.

Size of brick:

Standard Size of Brick:  19cm × 9cm × 9cm 

With cement mortar, size of brick:  20cm × 10cm × 10cm

Types of brick masonry work:

1. Mud mortar brick masonry 

2. Cement mortar brick masonry 

Types of Bricks:

1. Common clay Red burn brick

2. Cement brick

3. fly ash brick 

4. Concrete brick

5. Sand lime brick 

6. Engineering brick 

Classification of Bricks:

1. First class brick 

2. Second class brick 

3. Third class brick 

Test of brick:

1. Compressive strength test

2. Water Absorption test 

3. Sound test 

Advantages of Bricks

1. Economical (Raw material is easily available)

2. Hard and durable

3. Compressive strength is good enough for ordinary construction

4. Different orientations and sizes give different surface textures

5. Very low maintenance cost is required

6. Demolishing of brick structures is very easy, less time consuming and hence economic

    Reusable and Recyclable.

7. Highly fire resistant

8. Produces less environmental pollution during manufacturing process

Disadvantages of Bricks

1. Time consuming construction

2. Cannot be used in high seismic zones

3. Since bricks absorb water easily, therefore, it causes fluorescence when not exposed to      air.

4. Very Less tensile strength

5. Rough surfaces of bricks may cause mold growth if not properly cleaned

6. Cleaning brick surfaces is a hard job

7. Color of low quality brick changes when exposed to sun for a long period of time

Cement, Sand, Aggregate and Steel Calculation for Rcc work

 

How to Calculate Quantity of Cement, Sand and Aggregate in RCC Slab 

1. Estimation of materials:

Material estimation include sand, cement, coarse aggregate and steel for a particular mix design. Let us consider a mix design of 1:1.5:3 for our estimation practice. The dry volume of total materials required is considered as 1.54 times the wet volume of concrete, due to voids present in sand and aggregates in dry stage. Therefore, for our calculation, we will consider the total volume of materials required as 1.54 m3 for 1 m3 of wet concrete.

Grade: M20

Mix Design: 1:1.5:3

(a) Bags of cement required:

Volume of cement required for 1m3 of Concrete -

     1 × 1.54               =    0.28 

  1 + 1.5 + 3

Volume of cement required for 1m3 of Concrete = 0.28 m3

volume of one bag of cement = 0.0347 m3

So, 

            

     0.28                   =       8 Bags/m3 

   0.0347

8 bags Cement required for Grade M20 Concrete in 1m3.

b) Volume of Sand required:

Volume of sand required 

     1.5 × 1.54                 =    0.42 

  1 + 1.5 + 3

Volume of Sandrequired for 1m3 of Concrete  =  0.42 m3.

c) Volume of Coarse Aggregate Required

Volume of Coarse Aggregate 

     3 × 1.54                 =    0.84

  1 + 1.5 + 3

Volume of Coarse Aggregate Required for 1m3 of Concrete = 0.84 m3

d) Estimation of Reinforced Steel:

Quantity of steel required depends on components of structure, i.e. slabs, beams, columns, foundations, roads etc. To estimate the steel required, there are two methods.

First method is, when we have the drawing available, we can calculate the total weight of steel required divided by total volume of concrete for different components. This will give us the weight of reinforcement steel per cubic meter of concrete.

Second method is assuming the percentage of reinforcement for different components. Following are the percentage of reinforcement steel generally required per different components. Its values can vary from structure to structure, and can be assumed from past experiences of similar structure.

For slabs = 1.0 % of concrete volume.

For Beam = 2 % concrete volume.

For column = 2.5 % of concrete volume.

For RCC Roads, 0.6% concrete volume.

Lets take example of RCC Column, where reinforcement required is 2.5% of concrete volume, weight of steel required will be:

e) Labour Requirement for 1m3 of RCC:

Labours required are presented in terms of days required by particular labour to complete its work for the given quantity of concrete. Following are the various labours required:

a) Mason:  As per Standard Schedule of Rates and Analysis of Rates, One mason is required for 0.37 days.

b) Labours:  One Unskilled labours required for 3.5 days.

c) Water carrier:  One water carrier required for 1.39 days.

d) Bar Bender:  Bar bender requirement depends on weight of reinforcement. Lets consider one bar bender required for 100 kg of steel as for 1 day.

e) Mixer Operator:  One mixer operator required for 0.0714 days.

f) Vibrator Operator:  One vibrator operator required for 0.0714 days.

RCC - Reinforcement Cement Concrete

 RCC Constructions 

RCC or Reinforced Cement Concrete Construction is one of the most common methods used for construction worldwide. The RCC structures are known for their durability, strength, and versatility, making them ideal for both residential and commercial buildings. RCC Construction involves the use of steel bars or rods, also known as reinforcement, and cement concrete to create a strong and resilient structure.

RCC Construction is a vital part of modern infrastructure. The structures built using RCC Construction are known for their durability, strength, and versatility. Understanding the basics of RCC Construction, including its benefits, types, and the process involved, is crucial for anyone planning to undertake an RCC construction project. With this comprehensive guide, you now have a solid understanding of the fundamentals of RCC Construction.

Whether you’re planning to construct a residential or commercial building, bridge, or dam, RCC Construction can provide a durable and long-lasting solution. By using steel reinforcement and cement concrete, RCC structures can withstand heavy loads, extreme weather conditions, and natural calamities, making them ideal for long-term use.

When it comes to RCC Construction, it’s crucial to work with a qualified and experienced team of engineers and contractors. They will guide you through the process, from site preparation to finishing work, ensuring that the structure meets all safety and quality standards.

RCC Construction is an excellent option for anyone looking for a durable and long-lasting building solution. With its numerous
benefits and versatility, it’s no wonder why RCC structures are used all over the world for a variety of purposes. Whether you’re
planning to construct a new building or renovating an existing one, consider RCC Construction for a reliable and robust structure.

What is the RCC full farm in civil engineering?

RCC - REINFORCEMENT CEMENT CONCRETE : 

Reinforcement Cement Concrete(RCC), a composite material made from concrete and steel reinforcement.

Types Of RCC Construction

RCC Construction can be broadly classified into the following types:

Framed RCC Construction:   In this type of RCC Construction, a frame is created using RCC columns and beams. The walls are builton this frame, and the roof is supported by the beams.

Load-Bearing RCC Construction:   In this type of RCC Construction, the walls are the primary load-bearing elements. The walls support the roof, and the structure is built around them.

Composite RCC Construction:   In this type of RCC Construction, a combination of steel and concrete is used to create a structure that offers the benefits of both materials.

Process Involved In RCC Construction:

The process of RCC Construction involves the following steps:

Site preparation:  The site is prepared by clearing the area, leveling the ground, and marking the boundaries.

Foundation:  The foundation is the most crucial part of RCC Construction. It involves excavating the soil, pouring the concrete, and placing the reinforcement bars.

Framing:  Once the foundation is in place, the RCC columns and beams are erected, forming the frame of the structure.

Walls:  The walls are built on the frame using bricks or concrete blocks.

Roofing: The roof is supported by the RCC beams and is made of concrete, tiles, or other roofing materials.

Finishing:  Once the structure is in place, the finishing work begins, including plastering, painting, and other cosmetic work.

                               

What are the benefits of using RCC

Reinforced cement concrete is a construction material typically used in bridges, dams, and other large structures. The benefits of using RCC include:

Reduced weight:  RCC is heavier than traditional concrete, requiring less material to build the same size structure. This allows for cheaper construction costs.

Increased strength:  RCC comprises several layers of reinforcing steel that help increase its strength. This makes it a more reliable and durable construction material.

Improved durability: RCC is designed to last longer than traditional concrete. This makes it a more cost-effective option for long-term repairs or upgrades.

• RCC is stronger than traditional concrete.
• It is more resistant to corrosion and decay.
• It is less likely to crack or break in cold weather.
• RCC is easier to work with, meaning it can be assembled faster and with less labor costs.

Pile Test - Integrity and Dynamic load Test

 Types of Pile Testing

1.   Pile Integrity Test

2.   Dynamic load Test 

1.  Pile Integrity Test: 

A pile is a slender element cast in the ground or driven into it. Since pile construction as well as the final product are mostly invisible, engineers have often questioned their integrity, i.e. their compliance with project drawings and specifications. In fact, experience has shown that in piles, of all kinds flaws may occur. The purpose of integrity testing is to discover such flaws before they can cause any damage.

Indirect methods, or imaging, were first developed in the early 1970s. These include three distinct methods:

● Nuclear radiation, or gamma-gamma method.

● Short wave (ultrasonic) acoustic method.

● Long wave (sonic) acoustic method.

A pile integrity test (also known as low-strain dynamic test, sonic echo test, and low-strain integrity test) is one of the methods for assessing the condition of piles or shafts. It is cost-effective and not very time-consuming.

Pile integrity testing using low-strain tests such as the TDR (Transient Dynamic Response) method, is a rapid way of assessing the continuity and integrity of concrete piled foundations.

The Test Measures:

● Pile length, or depth to anomalies.

● Pile head stiffness.

● Pile shaft mobility, which is dependent on pile section and concrete properties

The software also produces computer simulations and impedance profiles of the test result, to analyse in detail any intermediate pile shaft responses. 

2. Dynamic Load Test:

Dynamic load testing  is a method to assess a pile's bearing capacity by applying a dynamic load to the pile head (a falling mass) while recording acceleration and strain on the pile head. Dynamic load testing is a high strain dynamic test which can be applied after pile installation for concrete piles. For steel or timber piles, dynamic load testing can be done during installation or after installation.

The procedure is standardized by ASTM D4945-00 Standard Test Method for High Strain Dynamic Testing of Piles. It may be performed on all piles, regardless of their installation method. In addition to bearing capacity, Dynamic Load Testing gives information on resistance distribution (shaft resistance and end bearing) and evaluates the shape and integrity of the foundation element.

Pile and Test Preparation:

Dynamic load test on piles is carried out by fixing strain sensors and accelerometers to the sides of the test pile below 1.5 times of pile diameter or higher from the pile head top and then connecting them with PDA.

Test pile should be extended to 1.6 times pile diameter after chipping top loose concrete.

In the case of the liner pile, two openings(300mm x 300mm) shall be left below 1.5 times of pile diameter from the top of the pile head for sensor fixing.

Input Parameters Dynamic Load Test on Piles:

1. Pile No.

2. Date and time of test

3. The pile length below gauges (LE)

4. The adopted pile wave speed at the pile head and the overall wave speed

5. The wave return time (2L/c)

6. The pile modulus at the transducer location

7. The pile specific weight

8. The pile area at the transducer location (AR)

9. The pile impedance

10. The Case Method damping factor(Jc)

Video

Pile Foundation - Procedure of piling work

 What is Pile foundation? 

Pile foundation is the type of deep foundation. Pile foundation is mostly depends on the Soil Bearing capacity, Structural Load and Design of the Structure. It is cylindrical in shape. It's length is very deep, depends on the Hard Strata or Hard Rock.

Procedure of Piling work: 

  Step 1.    Boring work:

                               (a).  Bore in Soil/upto to Hard Rock

                               (b).  Bore in Hard Rock

  Step 2.    Insert the Ms Casing:

                               (a).  Temporary Casing 

                               (b).  Permanent Casing 

  Step 3.   Clear the inside mud.

  Step 4.    Reinforcement work.

  Step 5.    Concrete Pouring.

  Step 6.      Remove the Temporary Casing.

  Step 7.      Excavation for pile Caps or Raft 

  Step 8.      Pile Concrete chipping work - minimum 1m. Or as per drawing.

  Step 9.      Soiling & Pcc work  

     

 

  Step 10.    Reinforcement - Pile Caps & Rafts

  Step 11.    Concrete Pouring - Pile Caps & Rafts